(Photos 9-11 © Neil Cholmondeley Collection)

North from Sandsend, the coastal railway clung to the cliff like a limpet before burying its way underground through two tunnels - Sandsend and Kettleness. The latter is by far the shorter at 308 yards.

Were it not for the instability of the local geology, the tunnel would never have been bored. The intended route would have taken the line along the cliff-top but problems were encountered during construction leading to its abandonment.

The tunnel is on a falling gradient to the south, curved and boasts a side passage which heads out towards the cliff face at 90 degrees to the main bore. This has either been backfilled or suffered a substantial collapse.

Surfers regularly use the tunnel as an access route to their favoured local beach.